Cellular homeostasis

Animal Physiology: Functions and Adaptations in Animals

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Animal physiology is the branch of biology that focuses on understanding the biological functions and adaptations of animals, ranging from microscopic organisms to complex multicellular organisms. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including cellular processes, organ systems, homeostasis, metabolism, reproduction, behavior, and adaptations to diverse environments. By studying animal physiology, scientists gain insights into … Read more

Biochemistry: Chemical Processes in Living Organisms

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Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes and molecules within living organisms. It delves into the structure, function, and interactions of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and metabolites, elucidating fundamental principles of life, cellular functions, biochemical pathways, and molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes. Proteins Proteins are essential biomolecules … Read more

What type of cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

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Cells lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are known as prokaryotic cells. These cells represent one of the two major categories of cells, the other being eukaryotic cells, which possess a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells are found in two domains of life: Bacteria and Archaea. Despite their simplicity compared to eukaryotic cells, … Read more

Role of ATP in cellular processes

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Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, serves as the primary energy currency in living organisms, playing a crucial role in various cellular processes across all forms of life. Its significance lies in its ability to store and transfer energy within cells, enabling fundamental biological functions necessary for life, growth, and reproduction. At its core, ATP consists of … Read more

Protein synthesis inhibitor

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Protein synthesis inhibitors are a class of compounds that interfere with the processes involved in the synthesis of proteins within cells. These inhibitors can be of natural or synthetic origin and have diverse applications, ranging from antibiotics to cancer treatments. Understanding the mechanisms of protein synthesis inhibition provides insights into the development of therapeutic agents … Read more

Role of cilia in cells

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Cilia, slender hair-like structures protruding from the surface of cells, play a crucial and diverse role in various biological processes across different organisms. These microscopic organelles are involved in cellular motility, sensory perception, and the coordination of signaling pathways. Understanding the intricate functions of cilia sheds light on their significance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and … Read more

Role of the endoplasmic reticulum in cells

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a vital and multifaceted cellular organelle that plays a crucial role in the eukaryotic cell’s structure and function. It is an extensive network of membranes found in the cytoplasm, and its diverse functions contribute significantly to the overall health and stability of the cell. One of the primary functions of … Read more

Role of ribosomes in protein synthesis

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Ribosomes stand as pivotal players in the intricate dance of cellular life, serving as the molecular machineries responsible for protein synthesis. This fundamental process is at the heart of cellular function, enabling the creation of the diverse array of proteins that carry out essential roles in living organisms. The role of ribosomes in protein synthesis … Read more

Concept of homeostasis in living organisms

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Homeostasis is a fundamental concept in biology that refers to the ability of living organisms to maintain internal stability and equilibrium in the face of changing external conditions. This delicate balance is crucial for the proper functioning and survival of organisms, ensuring that essential physiological processes operate within optimal ranges. The concept of homeostasis spans … Read more

Function of chloroplasts in plant cells

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Chloroplasts, the green cellular organelles found in plant cells, play a pivotal role in the life of plants. These double-membraned structures are the sites of photosynthesis, a complex process that converts light energy into chemical energy, enabling plants to produce their own food. Understanding the functions of chloroplasts is essential for unraveling the mysteries of … Read more

SR protein

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SR proteins, or serine/arginine-rich proteins, are a family of essential splicing factors that play a crucial role in the regulation of alternative splicing—a process vital for the diversity and complexity of eukaryotic proteomes. The intricate dance of splicing, the removal of non-coding introns and joining of coding exons, is orchestrated by a complex machinery, where … Read more

What is RNA?

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Ribonucleic acid, commonly known as RNA, is a versatile and essential molecule in the realm of molecular biology. It plays a central role in the flow of genetic information, serving as a mediator between DNA and protein synthesis. RNA exhibits a diversity of functions, ranging from its involvement in transcription and translation to its participation … Read more

Cellular processes demystified

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Cellular processes are the intricate series of events that occur within a cell, governing its growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Demystifying these processes involves unraveling the complex molecular choreography that underlies cellular life. From the fundamental processes like cell division to the intricate pathways of cellular communication, understanding these mechanisms is essential for comprehending life at … Read more

What role do enzymes play in biological reactions, and how are they regulated?

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Enzymes are fundamental components of biological systems, serving as catalysts for a vast array of chemical reactions within living organisms. Their role is paramount in maintaining the intricate balance of biochemical processes, ensuring the efficient conversion of substrates into products. Enzymes facilitate reactions by lowering the activation energy required for a chemical transformation, thus accelerating … Read more

What is mitochondria?

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Mitochondria are dynamic and vital organelles found in the cells of eukaryotic organisms, playing a central role in energy production and numerous cellular processes. These double-membraned structures are often referred to as the “powerhouses of the cell” due to their primary function of generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cellular currency for energy. However, their significance … Read more

New insights into the regulation of gastric stem cell differentiation

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Researchers from the Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Japan, led by Hitomi Takada and Akira Kurisaki, have made significant progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying the renewal and differentiation of stem cells in the gastric corpus, a vital part of the glandular stomach. Their findings were recently published in Nature Communications. The team … Read more

Discovery of a novel organelle: PXo bodies in fruit fly intestines unveil new insights into phosphate transport and cellular homeostasis

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Scientists at the Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School have made a groundbreaking discovery during their study of phosphate transport in fruit fly intestines. Their findings, published in the journal Nature, reveal the existence of a previously unknown organelle. This discovery challenges the assumption that all organelles within animal cells had already … Read more