Genetic engineering techniques

Microbial Genetics: Genetic Mechanisms in Bacteria and Archaea

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Microbial genetics is a specialized field within genetics that focuses on the study of genetic mechanisms in bacteria and archaea, collectively referred to as microorganisms or microbes. These single-celled organisms play crucial roles in various ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling, biogeochemical processes, symbiotic relationships, and human health. Microbial genetics explores the diversity, evolution, regulation, and … Read more

Evolutionary Genetics: Genetic Changes Over Generations

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Evolutionary genetics is a field of study that explores genetic changes within populations and species over generations, elucidating the mechanisms and processes driving evolutionary processes. It integrates principles from genetics, molecular biology, population genetics, and evolutionary biology to understand how genetic variation, mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and other factors shape the genetic … Read more

Genetics of Cancer: Causes and Treatments

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Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. It can affect virtually any part of the body and is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The genetics of cancer play a crucial role in understanding its causes, development, progression, and potential treatments. Genetic Basis of … Read more

Biotechnology: Applications in Medicine and Industry

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Biotechnology is a rapidly evolving field that harnesses biological processes and systems to develop innovative solutions for various applications in medicine and industry. It encompasses a diverse range of techniques, including genetic engineering, fermentation, and cell culture, to manipulate biological systems for practical purposes. Biotechnology has revolutionized healthcare, agriculture, environmental science, and industrial manufacturing, offering … Read more

Biochemistry: Chemical Processes in Living Organisms

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Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes and molecules within living organisms. It delves into the structure, function, and interactions of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and metabolites, elucidating fundamental principles of life, cellular functions, biochemical pathways, and molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes. Proteins Proteins are essential biomolecules … Read more

What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive gene?

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The study of genetics is a fascinating exploration into the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next. At the heart of this intricate web of heredity lies the distinction between dominant and recessive genes, two crucial concepts that shape the genetic landscape. Genes are segments of DNA that encode instructions for building and … Read more

Molecular biology

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Molecular biology is a branch of biology that explores the structure, function, and interactions of molecules that make up the essential components of living organisms. It delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying various biological processes, including DNA replication, transcription, translation, and cellular signaling. At its core, molecular biology seeks to understand the molecular basis of … Read more

What is biochemistry?

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Biochemistry is a branch of science that explores the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. Combining principles from biology and chemistry, biochemistry seeks to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the structure, function, and regulation of biological molecules. From the intricate dance of enzymes and metabolic pathways to the decoding of genetic information … Read more

Plasmid

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A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is separate from the chromosomal DNA and is found in the cytoplasm of bacteria and other microorganisms. It plays a crucial role in genetic engineering, as it can be manipulated to carry and express foreign genes. The study of plasmids has significantly contributed to our … Read more

How do hormones function in the regulation of physiological processes in multicellular organisms?

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Hormones are signaling molecules that play a pivotal role in the regulation of physiological processes in multicellular organisms. These chemical messengers are produced by specialized glands and tissues, acting as communication agents that coordinate and integrate activities across various organs and systems. Hormones exert their effects on target cells by binding to specific receptors, initiating … Read more

Genome sequencing reveals inbreeding in extinct Xerces blue butterfly

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The Xerces Blue butterfly (Glaucopsyche xerces) was once found in the coastal dunes of San Francisco, USA. However, urban development caused significant destruction of its habitat, and the butterfly’s population was confined to Golden Gate National Park. Known for its stunning deep iridescent blue wings with distinct white spots on the underside, this butterfly became … Read more