Precision medicine

Systems Biology: Integrating Biological Processes into Complex Systems

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Systems biology is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand biological systems as integrated networks of components, processes, and interactions, rather than isolated parts. It combines principles from biology, mathematics, computer science, engineering, and other disciplines to analyze complex biological phenomena at multiple scales, from molecular and cellular levels to tissues, organs, organisms, populations, and … Read more

Gene Editing Technologies: CRISPR and Beyond

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Gene editing technologies have revolutionized the field of molecular biology and genetics by providing powerful tools to precisely modify DNA sequences, study gene functions, correct genetic mutations, and engineer biological systems. Among the most widely used and transformative gene editing technologies is CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and its associated protein, Cas (CRISPR-associated … Read more

Neurochemistry: Chemical Processes in the Nervous System

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Neurochemistry is the branch of neuroscience that focuses on the chemical processes occurring within the nervous system, including the synthesis, release, reuptake, and metabolism of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and other signaling molecules. It encompasses the study of molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal communication, synaptic transmission, neuroplasticity, and brain function. Understanding neurochemistry is essential for unraveling the molecular … Read more

Genetics of Cancer: Causes and Treatments

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Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. It can affect virtually any part of the body and is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The genetics of cancer play a crucial role in understanding its causes, development, progression, and potential treatments. Genetic Basis of … Read more

Endocrinology: Study of Hormones and Endocrine System

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Endocrinology is the branch of biology and medicine that deals with the study of hormones and the endocrine system. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system, which regulate various physiological processes and maintain homeostasis in the body. The endocrine system consists of glands and organs that secrete hormones directly into the … Read more

Molecular Biology: Understanding Biological Processes at the Molecular Level

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Molecular biology is a branch of biology that explores the structure, function, and interactions of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, at the molecular level. It encompasses a wide range of techniques, methodologies, and disciplines aimed at understanding biological processes, genetic information flow, gene expression, cellular functions, and molecular mechanisms underlying life. … Read more

Cellular Respiration: Energy Production in Cells

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Cellular respiration is a fundamental biological process that occurs in living cells to generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process involves the breakdown of organic molecules, such as glucose, through a series of biochemical reactions that release energy stored in chemical bonds. Cellular respiration is essential for the survival and functioning … Read more

Genetics: Inheritance and Molecular Basis of Life

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Genetics, the study of heredity and the molecular basis of life, represents a cornerstone of modern biology with profound implications for understanding biological diversity, human health, evolution, and biotechnological applications. At the core of genetics lies the exploration of genetic inheritance, the transmission of traits from parents to offspring, and the molecular mechanisms governing genetic … Read more

Study identifies potential biomarker for autism spectrum disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder has yet to be linked to a single cause, due to the wide range of its symptoms and severity. However, a study by University of Virginia researchers suggests a promising new approach to finding answers, one that could lead to advances in the study of other neurological diseases and disorders. The work … Read more

New mini heart models offer promise for revolutionizing heart disease treatment and prevention

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Thanks to advancements in the development of patented synthetic human-like hearts first created at Michigan State, researchers can study human heart development and congenital heart disease on highly accurate models. This is facilitating the development of new therapies and pharmaceutical drugs to treat a variety of heart-related diseases just in time for the observance of … Read more

Antibiotic

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Antibiotics have revolutionized the field of medicine, providing effective tools to combat bacterial infections and save countless lives. These powerful medications, derived from natural sources or synthesized in laboratories, target bacteria by interfering with their growth and reproduction. The discovery of antibiotics represents one of the most significant breakthroughs in medical history, shaping the landscape … Read more

What is neuropharmacology?

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Neuropharmacology is a specialized field within pharmacology that focuses on the study of how drugs affect the nervous system, both in terms of normal functioning and in the context of disease. This multidisciplinary science combines elements of neuroscience, pharmacology, and psychology to understand the interactions between drugs and the complex network of cells in the … Read more

What is medical science?

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Medical science, also known as medicine, is a multidisciplinary field of study and practice that encompasses the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and disorders affecting the human body. It integrates knowledge from various scientific disciplines, including biology, chemistry, physics, genetics, and psychology, to advance our understanding of health and illness. Medical science is … Read more

Cystic Fibrosis: Cause, Symptoms & Treatment

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, leading to the production of thick and sticky mucus. This abnormal mucus can clog airways and ducts, causing a range of symptoms and complications. Cause of … Read more

New method could expand drug options for previously “undruggable” proteins

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Diseases often arise from proteins going haywire, yet conventional drugs have struggled to rein in these rogue elements. A promising frontier in pharmaceutical research lies with PROTACs, a novel class of drugs that show significant potential. These compounds tag proteins, earmarking them for disposal by the cell’s own protein degradation system. Recent breakthroughs by research … Read more

The microbiome and human health

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The human microbiome, a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms residing in and on the human body, plays a crucial role in maintaining health and influencing various aspects of human physiology. Comprising bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms, the microbiome interacts with the human body in intricate ways, impacting digestion, immune function, metabolism, and even … Read more

Scientists unlock key to designing personalized cancer therapies

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Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) represent a groundbreaking avenue in therapeutic innovation, particularly for rare and challenging cancers. These receptors offer a targeted approach, capable of delivering therapies directly to tumor cells, presenting a promising advancement in cancer treatment. Peptide-centric CARs (PC-CARs) introduce a unique dimension to this progress by relying on specific peptide “barcodes.” These … Read more

Admixture and rare variants in African americans with inflammatory bowel disease

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The advent of whole genome sequencing technology has prompted an explosion in research into how genetics are associated with disease risk. But the vast majority of genetics research has been done on people of European ancestry, and genetics researchers have realized that in order to address health disparities, more needs to be done. In a … Read more

Enzyme-activated NIR fluorescent probes: Illuminating the path to precision medicine

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Enzymes, essential for normal cellular and physiological functions, are implicated in various diseases like cancer and diabetes due to their abnormal activity. Therefore, tracking enzyme activity is a valuable strategy for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Conventional imaging techniques are limited by the need for contrast agents, low sensitivity, and spatio-temporal resolution. To overcome … Read more

Cancer: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

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Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division and growth of abnormal cells in the body. These cells can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body, causing serious health problems. There are many types of cancer, each with its own characteristics and treatment options. Causes of cancer can … Read more