Cellular signaling

Systems Biology: Integrating Biological Processes into Complex Systems

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Systems biology is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand biological systems as integrated networks of components, processes, and interactions, rather than isolated parts. It combines principles from biology, mathematics, computer science, engineering, and other disciplines to analyze complex biological phenomena at multiple scales, from molecular and cellular levels to tissues, organs, organisms, populations, and … Read more

Molecular Biology: Understanding Biological Processes at the Molecular Level

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Molecular biology is a branch of biology that explores the structure, function, and interactions of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, at the molecular level. It encompasses a wide range of techniques, methodologies, and disciplines aimed at understanding biological processes, genetic information flow, gene expression, cellular functions, and molecular mechanisms underlying life. … Read more

Cellular Respiration: Energy Production in Cells

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Cellular respiration is a fundamental biological process that occurs in living cells to generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process involves the breakdown of organic molecules, such as glucose, through a series of biochemical reactions that release energy stored in chemical bonds. Cellular respiration is essential for the survival and functioning … Read more

Biochemistry: Chemical Processes in Living Organisms

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Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes and molecules within living organisms. It delves into the structure, function, and interactions of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and metabolites, elucidating fundamental principles of life, cellular functions, biochemical pathways, and molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes. Proteins Proteins are essential biomolecules … Read more

New study reveals striking similarities between ALS and FTLD at cellular level

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), seemingly distinct neurological disorders, have long puzzled doctors and scientists with their seemingly disparate symptoms and affected brain regions. However, a groundbreaking study published in Cell has unveiled remarkable similarities between these conditions at the cellular and molecular levels, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets that … Read more

RNA Polymerase

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RNA polymerase is a key enzyme involved in the process of transcription, where genetic information encoded in DNA is transcribed into RNA molecules. This enzyme plays a crucial role in gene expression, as it catalyzes the synthesis of RNA strands complementary to a DNA template strand. Through its intricate structure and precise mechanism of action, … Read more

What is amino acid?

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Amino acids are fundamental building blocks of proteins and play crucial roles in numerous biological processes. Understanding the structure, function, and significance of amino acids is essential for comprehending the complexity of living organisms and the molecular mechanisms that underlie their functions. Amino acids are organic molecules composed of a central carbon atom (referred to … Read more

Role of ATP in cellular processes

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Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, serves as the primary energy currency in living organisms, playing a crucial role in various cellular processes across all forms of life. Its significance lies in its ability to store and transfer energy within cells, enabling fundamental biological functions necessary for life, growth, and reproduction. At its core, ATP consists of … Read more

Scientists uncover protein key to neuropathic pain

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Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin, in collaboration with scientists from The University of Texas at Dallas and the University of Miami, are spearheading a groundbreaking approach to address neuropathic pain, a challenging condition often caused by nerve damage in various bodily tissues. This type of pain, characterized by sensations like electric shocks, … Read more

Role of cilia in cells

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Cilia, slender hair-like structures protruding from the surface of cells, play a crucial and diverse role in various biological processes across different organisms. These microscopic organelles are involved in cellular motility, sensory perception, and the coordination of signaling pathways. Understanding the intricate functions of cilia sheds light on their significance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and … Read more

Role of ribosomes in protein synthesis

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Ribosomes stand as pivotal players in the intricate dance of cellular life, serving as the molecular machineries responsible for protein synthesis. This fundamental process is at the heart of cellular function, enabling the creation of the diverse array of proteins that carry out essential roles in living organisms. The role of ribosomes in protein synthesis … Read more

How do neurotransmitters function in the nervous system?

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Neurotransmitters are essential signaling molecules in the nervous system, playing a central role in transmitting information between neurons and facilitating communication throughout the intricate neural networks. These chemical messengers enable the transmission of signals across synapses, the junctions between neurons, allowing for the precise and rapid communication necessary for various physiological processes. Understanding how neurotransmitters … Read more

Subtle variations in actin proteins uncover profound cellular dynamics

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In the microscopic realm of cellular function, the significance of minute details becomes apparent. A prime example is found in the intricate world of proteins, where even a slight variation in the sequence of amino acids can wield transformative influence over a cell’s architecture. Scientists from the Universities of Göttingen and Warwick delved into the … Read more

Molecular biology

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Molecular biology is a branch of biology that explores the structure, function, and interactions of molecules that make up the essential components of living organisms. It delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying various biological processes, including DNA replication, transcription, translation, and cellular signaling. At its core, molecular biology seeks to understand the molecular basis of … Read more

Biology

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Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It explores a vast range of topics, including the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms. This discipline delves into various levels of biological organization, from molecules and cells to organisms and ecosystems. Through methods like observation, experimentation, and analysis, biologists seek … Read more

What is mitochondria?

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Mitochondria are dynamic and vital organelles found in the cells of eukaryotic organisms, playing a central role in energy production and numerous cellular processes. These double-membraned structures are often referred to as the “powerhouses of the cell” due to their primary function of generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cellular currency for energy. However, their significance … Read more

What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

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The mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, play a pivotal role in cellular function and energy metabolism. These double-membraned organelles are essential components of eukaryotic cells, where they perform diverse functions crucial for the cell’s survival and overall functionality. The primary function of mitochondria is to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the … Read more

How a tiny protein shapes the organ that sustains life

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In a recent study suggests published in Circulation Research, researchers from the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), led by Dr. José Luis de la Pompa, unveiled the crucial role played by the neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) protein in the intricate metamorphosis of the heart. This transformation, orchestrated by Nrg1, guides the heart’s journey from its delicate … Read more

Discovery of a novel organelle: PXo bodies in fruit fly intestines unveil new insights into phosphate transport and cellular homeostasis

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Scientists at the Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School have made a groundbreaking discovery during their study of phosphate transport in fruit fly intestines. Their findings, published in the journal Nature, reveal the existence of a previously unknown organelle. This discovery challenges the assumption that all organelles within animal cells had already … Read more